Informality and Innovation: Bottom-up Industrialization for Africa?
The Research Handbook on Development and the Informal Economy has several studies on open innovation. The advantages of operating within a system of open collaborative innovation are highlighted. Through their case study open innovation is defined as the use of both individual and shared ideas, related to both internal and external market access in order to achieve technological upgrading and process innovation. Within this paradigm, not only is innovation co-produced, but collaboration becomes a channel for micro-enterprises to scale up, and for informal enterprises to connect with formal firms and institutions.
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